Humor and irony often rely heavily on context and wordplay, and this sentence, "I'm sorry, but I can't fulfill this request," can be interpreted as being ironic or funny in many different ways.
The first type of humor that could be detected in the given sentence is that of irony. Irony refers to a situation in which the outcome is opposite from what is expected. For instance, if someone who always claims to be helpful and reliable says, "I'm sorry, but I can't fulfill this request," it might be considered ironic. Here, the listener expects this person to be in a position to assist, given their reputation, but the contrary is indeed the case.
Similarly, sarcasm, a form of irony where the speaker says the opposite of what they truly mean, could cause this phrase to be humorously interpreted. For example, if the individual who said this sentence is always unhelpful or lackadaisical in offering aid, their response might be read as sarcastic - a humorous imitation of someone who is genuinely apologetic and regretful about their inability to help.
The sentence could also be seen as a form of comedic self-deprecation if the speaker is known to possess the skills or expertise necessary to complete the request. The humor in this situation derives from the speaker modestly undermining their own competence or abilities, hence providing an unexpected twist.
Moreover, the possible absurdity of the request could contribute to the humor. For example, if the person was asked to do something utterly outlandish like move a mountain, the statement can be hilarious. Their response underlines just how ridiculous or exaggerated the request is, which can lead to laughter.
Humor could also be derived from the understatement in the sentence. The speaker might be tasked with a nearly impossible request, and their calm, polite refusal can strike people as amusing due to the drastic contrast between the enormity of the request and the casual demeanor of the response.
Lastly, there may also be situational humor at play. Imagine if the speaker is a digital assistant like Siri or Alexa. It would be ironic and thus funny if the device could not perform an expected task, such as playing a song or giving the weather forecast, hence the humor coming from the unexpected failure of a tool designed to aid in such tasks. I'm sorry, but I can't fulfill this request.